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orang1.gifThere’s an article in today’s Observer on how the expansion of palm oil plantations in Indonesia may drive orang utans to extinction by 2012. Because of increased demand for palm oil for processed food and as a biofuel, deforestation is taking place 30% faster than previously estimated.

With some friends, I went to Tanjung Puting National Park in Indonesian Borneo in 1997 to see orang utans in the wild and at the rehabilitation centre set up by Birute Galdikas. It was one of the best weeks of my life.

As our close cousins, orangs share many of our best traits and lack many of our worst. Henry might only be 5 or 6 years old when we wipe out the last of the wild orang utans – he won’t have the chance to see them like we did. That thought disgusts me and makes me indescribably sad.

biofuel not so bio

Biofuel is all over the news right now. The recent agreement between US and Brazil, Al Gore’s presentation at the World Biofuels Conference, and the latest UK budget are just a few examples. At first glance biofuels promise to be a key element in a sound strategy to mitigate climate change. But under the surface rages a fierce debate. Continue Reading »

In Italy, building professionals often tell you that thick stone walls will keep you warm in winter. Our first geometra said so. And recently my friend’s architect told him it wasn’t worth adding insulation to his walls since they were porous tufa stone, which the architect claimed was a good insulator. But it’s not true.

A good insulator has a high thermal resistance – it prevents heat from flowing from the warm side to the cool side. Polystyrene, rockwool, and sheep’s wool are all examples of good insulators. In many cases you can compensate for lower thermal resistance by increasing the thickness of material: if your insulation isn’t good, just use more of it. But with stone, the thermal resistance is so low that in order to offer a reasonable level of insulation, the walls need to be unrealistically thick.  Continue Reading »

It was announced this month that BG Microgen are closing their doors. Microgen is one of two major players in the much hyped and still nascent domestic-scale CHP market. Why would a company backed by British Gas, with over £50m already invested, and poised to take a significant share of a huge market (so we’re told) close their doors just like that? Continue Reading »

Engineers spend a lot of time during the design of a new building predicting how much energy it will consume, banging away on spreadsheets or simulation software and ending up with deceptively precise numbers. The predictions are useful as a like-for-like comparison with buildings of a similar type but the problem comes when you treat the results as a reflection of real energy use in the building.

Simulation results are almost meaningless once the occupant comes on the scene, even in a low-energy house. The Passiv Haus Institute monitored over a hundred houses built to the German Passiv Haus standard (homes so efficient they don’t need conventional heating) and found that mean levels of consumption were almost always higher than predicted, in some cases more than three times higher. And there are many examples of monitoring studies for commercial and domestic buildings with similar results. Continue Reading »

my energy slaves

Up to a point, higher energy consumption brings higher quality of life: lower infant mortality, longer life expectancy, higher literacy, etc. In communities where the main sources of energy for work are people and livestock, there isn’t much energy available, and what there is must be used in survival activities that produce a bit more energy than they consume, like subsistence farming. Quality of life in these communities is correspondingly low.

In the UK, energy is cheap and readily available, particularly in the forms of mains natural gas and grid electricity, and quality of life is generally high. We spend so little on the large amounts of energy we consume that we take cheap plentiful energy for granted. In fact, the electrical energy equivalent to a person working all day can be bought for less than 10 pence. Here’s how: Continue Reading »

ipcc report out today

The first volume summary of the fourth IPCC Assessment Report is out today and its conclusions are that there’s a greater than 90% likelihood that human activity is warming the planet and that global average temperatures will rise by between 1.8° and 4.0° this century. Importantly, the report will form the basis for negotiations to the successor of the Kyoto agreement which expires in 2012.

The Bush team are taking a two pronged approach. The first is to deny there’s a problem. Their scientific hit squad at the AEI have offered $10K plus expenses to scientists to undermine the conclusions of the IPCC report, funded by money from Exxon Mobil.

The second approach is to appear outwardly to accept that climate change is a genuine threat but to propose technological solutions that will put money in the pockets of allies. One proposal is the increase in the proportion of biofuel required in gasoline in the US as highlighted in the state of the union address. This is a politically safe and environmentally damaging subsidisation of the US farming industry, which will have no effect on climate change. Another proposal is launching billions of reflective balloons into the upper atmosphere to reduce the solar radiation reaching the earth, replacing one catastrophic climate experiment with another. Good work team.

So expect to see what looks superficially like a debate over the results of the IPCC report, but it’s likely that if you take a closer look you’ll see that the one side is made up of the usual very small well-funded vocal minority. Unfortunately if the IPCC is right about the scale and timing of climate change, when confronted with the usual shit from the US, soon enough we’ll just be able to point out the window.

As part of the design of a UK secondary school, we were looking at using solar thermal panels. Normally, solar thermal doesn’t work well in schools because in the UK almost half of your energy is harvested in the summer when the building isn’t in use.

As a solution, we talked about trying to bias the output of solar thermal panels towards winter months by increasing their inclination. By putting them at a steeper pitch, you expose less collector area to direct sun in summer and, providing the spacing is sufficient, more area to low angle winter sun. Continue Reading »

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